An Educated Success Theodore Roosevelt - 1673 Words

Jose Vega English 105 Professor Cristin January 1, 2016 An Educated Success Theodore Roosevelt once said, â€Å"A man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight car; but if he has a university education, he may steal the whole railroad.† Abraham Lincoln, Albert Einstein, among many other well educated people, all had a higher education that led them all to be successful. Education in America was founded in the early nineteenth century, thanks in part to Thomas Jefferson. Despite political and religious views, an education system was put into place after the Declaration of Independence was signed. Many of the students that attended school were primarily wealthy, however,  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ by 1918, going to a public school became law. Immigrants,†¦show more content†¦In an article from the New York Times called â€Å"Is College worth it? Clearly, New Data Say† by David Leonhardt, the author states â€Å"not so many decades ago, high school was considered the frontier of education. Some people even argued that it was a waste to encourage Americans from humble background to spend four years of life attending high school. Today obviously, the notion that everyone should attend 13 years of school is indisputable† (Leonhardt 4). It was believed that the brain did not grow new cells and that it had limitations. However, those assumptions were incorrect. Current research has shown that the brain grows new nerve cells daily and that the process is sped when students are actively learning. In the article â€Å"Brainology,† by Carol S. Dweck, the author presents research that shows that students that believed their intelligence was something they could develop and increase (growth mindset), had positive attitudes. This in turn allowed them to see education differently from those with a fixed mindset. Students believed that their ability could be increased and that despite hard work and errors, learning was achievable. They were not afraid to fail, because they would rise back up and continue to develop their learning ambience and expand their knowledge at the same time. People with these morals are those that are successful at what they do. They

Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal - 2030 Words

Assisted suicide is the intentional termination of life by another at the explicit request of the fully aware patient who dies. Assisted suicide should be legalized in Canada, and the world at large. The topic of Assisted Suicide has more recently become a controversial topic being debated around the world. According to the new health guide website last updated this month, Assisted Suicide is legal in only 11 countries. A survey taken by dying with dignity.com was answered by 80% of citisens all over Canada, 77% of which were in favor of legalizing Euthinasia. Although this survey proves that Euthanasia is something that a majority of canadians are in favor of legalizing, the decision should not be made based on a survey reflecting anyones opinion besides the patient themselves. The general public, the doctors nor the government should possess the right to decide whether one should live out their life in suffering, or to have a choice in assisted suicide. We should not tell the termi nally ill no, instead we should give them a choice. What amount of suffering is too much to bear will never truly be known. But It is inhumane to force someone to live out their their life enduring agony because you happen to value their continued existence more than they themselves do. When a doctor puts an animal to sleep, it is not considered animal abuse, or murder. It is considered helping the animal, and the family the pet belonged too. It gives the family peace to know their belovedShow MoreRelatedAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal986 Words   |  4 Pagesphysician assisted suicide should be legal I all fifty states because people should be able to determine when they are ready to end their life, but only in certain limited circumstances. Physician assisted suicide, also known as PAS, is suicide committed with the help of a physician. Another name for assisted suicide is euthanasia, which is the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. Euthanasia is different from assisted suicide becauseRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe process of assisted suicide, or physician-assisted death, is a hotly debated topic that still remains at the forefront of many national discussions today. Assisted suicide can be described as the suicide of patient by a physician-prescribed dose of legal drugs. The reason that this topic is so widely debated is that it infringes on several moral and religious values that many people in the United States have. But, regardless of the way that people feel, a person’s right to live is guaranteedRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal909 Words   |  4 Pages The Suicide Debate Does a suffering person have the right to end their own life? That is the main debate behind assisted suicide. Assisted suicide is a very secretive, but surprisingly available option for people who are suffering. The documentary The Suicide Plan is largely presented from the point of view of the people who believe assisted suicide should be legal. The documentary takes us inside the hidden world of assisted suicide, as seen through the eyes of the people considering it. AssistedRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal1130 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate behind assisted suicide. Assisted suicide is a very secret, but surprisingly available option for suffering people. The documentary The Suicide Plan focuses on the people who believe assisted suicide should be legal. The documentary takes us inside the hidden world of assisted suicide, as seen through the eyes of the people considering it. Assisted suicide is only legal for terminally ill patients in Oregon and Washington. Individuals i n other states who consider assisted suicide are generallyRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal2265 Words   |  10 PagesAssisted Suicide should be made legal, as many people suffer from diseases that aren’t always curable, and it doesn t make sense to let them go through all that pain, and also for some families that have financial struggles paying for their medical bill. This controversial debate is whether or not assisted suicide or mercy killing should be legal and whether or not doctors should be allowed to help patients kill themselves or give guidance on how to. People argue that assisted suicide should beRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal2253 Words   |  10 PagesAssisted Suicide should be made legal because many people suffer from diseases that aren’t always curable, it doesn t make sense to let them go through all that pain and some families have financial struggles paying for their medical bill. This controversial debate is whether or not ass isted suicide or mercy killing should be legal, whether or not doctors should be allowed to help patients kill themselves or give guidance on how to. People argue that assisted suicide should be considered legal,Read MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal1761 Words   |  8 Pagesdying a slow and painful death, but assisted suicide could be best option for these patients. Assisted suicide is â€Å"any case in which a doctor gives a patient (usually someone with a terminal illness) the means to carry out their own suicide by using a lethal dose of medication† (Lee and Stingl 1). Some feel that assisted suicide is unnecessary because it is too great of a controversy and will only cause problems in society. However, assisted suicide should be legal in the United States as long as thereRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal2030 Words   |  9 Pagesis whether or not assisted suicide should be legalized. In order for people to truly argue and decide whether assisted suicide sho uld be legal they must know the definition. Many people mix up the definition of assisted suicide with euthanasia. There are both arguments for assisted suicide and against it. When arguing for and against assisted suicide the big argument seems to be whether it is morally right or morally wrong. The question of whether assisted suicide should be legal question what isRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal2300 Words   |  10 Pages What is assisted suicide? By definition, assisted suicide is suicide committed with the assistance of another person, usually a physician. This definition has changed slightly from the past. Assisted suicide used to be defined more as when a terminally ill patient would be assisted in their death by a doctor or physician. To some, it is a way to end the pain and suffering of a terminally ill loved one. To others, assisted suicide is considered killing people without giving them a chance. PeopleRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal Essay1870 Wo rds   |  8 Pagesyour dog having been through a horrible accident. An accident that should of killed the dog but yet it didn’t. The only options for the dog are to let it suffer or put it down. Now, imagine this happening to a loved one or a family member. What if the loved one wanted their suffering to end? Assisted suicide is the intentional termination of life by a doctor at the request of the person who wishes to die. Assisted suicide should be legal because there are times when the terminally ill can be found in

Gun Control Outline Free Essays

Gun Control Outline I. Introduction A. American Dream, means different things to people (needs to be fought for) B To many people, freedom is owning a gun C. We will write a custom essay sample on Gun Control Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gun control is strict enough. The United States government puts down laws strict enough to deal with firearms. II. Body A. Who Can Own A Firearm? 1. Why officials can use firearms a. Military and authorities use firearms to protect, not to attack b. These people have been trained and know how to handle firearms 2. Why do authorities and military need firearms a. Military and authorities know how to use them b. They use them to protect society, when civilians have them, they will most likely be used for good B. Why Civilians Can Handle Guns 1. Responsibility a. People use firearms for protection, what do they want protection from? Other people with guns and weapons b. If guns were illegal to the public, then the need to defend ourselves against people with guns would still not even be close to gone 2. Laws a. If guns were outlawed, then crime rates would maintain their levels or increase (facts insert here) b. Guns can lead to many terrible things such as school shootings that have taken place in the past BUT 3. Guns hurt people, people dont hurt people. Guns need to be in the hands of responsible people. III. Conclusion A. Guns are not bad things, it’s what you do with them that makes them bad B. In years to come, the use of guns will soon get out of hand C. Banning guns will never solve the problem completely.. it will make criminals more determined to get what they want with other, possibly more dangerous methods other than using a firearm. How to cite Gun Control Outline, Essay examples Gun Control Outline Free Essays GUN CONTROL Thesis Statement – There is no doubt that this world would be a safer place without a license to carry, but we need to consider that guns are needed to hunt. Possible introduction – A lot of questions were raised about the effects of everyone being allowed to carry guns. The rise of crime and murder are certain areas to think about being most impacted by the state carrying side arms. We will write a custom essay sample on Gun Control Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now We also need to ask ourselves, how often are guns used for protection? Is the law helping citizens protect their family or is the law just making it easier to commit murder? I – Are guns being used for protection? Is there enough prescreening done before selling a gun? Are citizens comfortable enough using a gun? II – Are guns falling into the wrong hands due to this law? Gangs and guns Kids and guns III – Are citizens taking the proper measures to secure their weapons? Should everyone one in the household be required to take a class on gun safety? Should all members of the household be required to learn how to shoot the gun? IV – How does gun control affect the hunters? Many hunters depend on their guns in order to feed their family? Hunting is a major source of income for many Possible conclusion – Although gun control is a very controversial subject, one thing is clear we need to seriously address this issue quickly. Until we get some kind of control over the purchase of weapons there are going to be many more senseless shootings. We have to find a way to prevent our youth from staring down the barrel of a loaded gun or being in prison for being on the other end of that gun. References Dickinson, Amy. â€Å"Mother Against Guns† Time Magazine. Web Monday. May 15, 2000 Lott, John R. â€Å"Why People Fear Guns. † Web 3 January, 2011 â€Å"Gun Control†. Guninformation. org 6 April 2002 Web 14 July 2011 Johnson, Rick â€Å"How to police the Police†. 16 March 2009 timemagazine. com Web â€Å"Firearms Bill Defeated† mayorsagainstillegalguns. org. federal. congress 14 July 2011 How to cite Gun Control Outline, Essay examples

Business Cross Cultural Etiquettes-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Japanese Business Etiquette using GLOBE Models of Culture. Answer: Introduction Japan is a sovereign island in East Asia that offers immense opportunities for business. In order that business in Japan prospers and achieves success certain business cross cultural etiquettes needs to be adhered to(House R. J., 2013). A business cultural etiquettes of Australia differs highly from those of Japan. Japan is a conservative society that has its own ways and techniques for conducting business. Communicating to a business partner in Japan hence needs appropriate mannerism along with appropriate styles. GLOBE study, which is an acronym for Global Leadership and Organisational Behavior Effectiveness was aimed at providing a bridge to cross-cultural communications. The scope of this essay analyses pertinent cross-cultural styles that are effective for Japanese business communication for a business partner from Australia according to GLOBE study(Avolio, 2007). Analysis GLOBE study primarily focuses on analysis of 62 worldwide societal cultures that are predominant in nature. GLOBE study is considered more applicable considered to Geert Hofstedes study on cross culture as it analyses cultures and not national identities. Japan along with other Asian countries was grouped under Confucian Asia group(Naidoo, 2011). Each unit of cultures were further divided and sub-divided into nine units or dimensions of cultures as performance orientation, institutional collectivism, gender egalitarianism, uncertainty avoidance, in-group collectivism, future orientation, humane orientation, assertiveness and power distance. Along with such cultural identities GLOBE study asserted six different types of leadership dimensions as Charismatic or value based, team oriented, humane oriented, participative, self-protective and autonomous. Hence, these parameters once analyzed cross-cultural differences with Japan can easily be diagnosed(Okoro, 2012). Figure 1: GLOBE Study Source: (Tung, 2010) Performance orientation reflects the extent to which a community has regards for innovation, high standards in performances. As practiced across Japan is rated medium 4.22 in nature and is very close to average GLOBE score. Hence, behavior in accordance to performance orientation needs not be stressed upon or be aggressive in nature, while conducting business in Japan(Du-Babcock, 2014). Institutional Collectivism is a parameter where a community shows respect for collective distribution of its resources. Japanese culture has a high regard for collective behavior and scores 5.19 against GLOBE average of 4.25. They are a closely knit society where decisions of elders and seniors are regarded as against individual efforts. Hence, in order to conduct business in Japan individual from Australia, which is a more individualistic society needs to have regards for collectivism. Gender Egalitarianism is an aspect where a culture aims at reducing gender inequality between males and females of t he society(Egan, 2008). Japan is below GLOBE score for this measure with an average of 3.19 against GLOBE score of 3.37. Men and women conduct business with almost equal dignity but there are no especial endeavors meant for women, though it is not purely a male dominating society. Uncertainty avoidance parameter reflects social norms for avoiding unpredictable future events. Japan has a low score of 4.07 as against GLOBE score of 4.16 which depicts that they are less likely to indulge in situation that have unfavorable outcomes or futures. Business etiquettes depicts more regards for planned progress rather than unplanned nature. In-group collectivism reflects an individuals regards for loyalty to families and organisation. Japan has a lower score of 4.63 as against GLOBE average of 5.13. This depicts that though they prefer to act in group but they are more concerned with individual success and so on. Business conduct in Japan needs to be more focused on providing benefits to the p artner rather than benefitting the entire society. Future Orientation is Japan is above the GLOBE score and it reflects the societies vision and planning towards its future. While GLOBE average is at 3.89 for Japan it is 4.29, meaning that businesses expanding to Japan needs to depict their plans for the future(Shi, 2011). Figure 2: Cultural Values in Japan Source: (globeproject.com, Retrieved on 13th August 2017 Humane Orientation is an aspects which reflects the degree to which an organisation encourages for being fair, friendly, caring towards others. Japan ranks more in this respect 4.3 as against GLOBE score 4.09. This reflects that they have high regards for individual who are friendly and caring or has feelings for others. Assertiveness is an aspect where individuals assert their rights and behaviors on the other, by depicting dominance or aggression. Individuals in Japan are less assertive considered to those in Australia as they have a score of 3.59 against GLOBE score of 4.11(Scagliotti, 2010). Power distance depicts the degree to which a society has regard for power, position and authority. Japan has high regards for power, authority and position scoring 5.11 as against GLOBE score of 4.01. Thus, businesses in Japan needs have regards for leaders and other people who are in power. Figure 4: GLOBE Study Japan Source: Author Analysis of leadership style in Japan reflects six parameters, which analyzed can reflect true nature of their leaders. Charismatic or value based leadership reflects a Japans leader being visionary, inspirational, self-sacrificing, with high integrity, decisive, performance oriented hence scores 5.94. GLOBE score on this parameter is only 5.63 hence individual conducting business with these parameters are more likely to be appreciated in the country. Team oriented reflects being collaborative, having team integration characteristics, diplomatic, malevolent and having administrative capabilities. Japan scores 5.56 in this regards as against GLOE score of 5.61(House R. J., 2010). Humane oriented reflects characteristics of modesty and being human oriented. Japan scores below this parameter 4.68 as against GLOBE average of 5.04, which reflects Japanese high regards for achieving perfection as the country has contributed in numerously towards quality measurement tools and techniques. Figure 3: Leadership Values in Japan Source: (globeproject.com, Retrieved on 13th August 2017) Participative characteristics reflects being autocratic and participative in nature, where Japan scores 5.07 which is higher compared to GLOBE score of 4.99. Leaders in Japan like to contribute to business with their though processes and discusses various issues with their team mates(Javidan, 2009). Self-protective nature reflects being self-centered, status conscious, face saver or being procedural in nature. Japan has a low score of 3.60 in this respect as against GLOBE average of 3.72, hence leaders have less of such attributes as present in Australia. Autonomous reflects characteristics of individualism, independence, being autonomous and unique in nature. In Japan the score is 3.67 as they enjoy relatively being low Autonomous as compared to GLOBE average score of 3.72. Figure 5: Leadership Style Japan Source: Author There are large levels of discrepancy amongst business procedures in Australia and Japan, while Australia is a Westernized society, Japan comprises of a closely knit society. Leadership styles and ways of conducting businesses differs widely in Japan as those practiced in Australia. Japan is not an individualistic society as compared to Australia, hence they have closely-knit communities and society. They are hardworking individuals who strive to attain excellence in every sphere of business they practice. They are more serious and extend conscious efforts for establishing excellence. With constant hard-work and striving for quality they have achieved success in various spheres, they demand respect for the same. Due to high disparities in cultures there remains potential for cultural miscommunications occurring between the two countrys individuals. As a countrys social cultural inheritance determines our aspects of communications and conduct. An Australian business person is more lik ely to be more open and adopt free communication styles, which might not be appreciated by Japanese businesses. With appropriate practice such challenges can easily be overcome and attended to, for business success. Recommendation From above analysis of cross-cultures it can easily be understood that Japan is a much more conservative country as against Australia. Norms, regulations and methods of conducting business in Japan are very different and unique to its culture. Thus, in order to conduct business in Japan there needs to be more serious and conscious efforts developed targeted at achieving success towards a planned future. As they are generally risk averse in nature, an appropriate business plan with risk mitigation matrix will help achieve success. Australians conduct businesses with more passion orientation, which cannot be easily understood in Japan, as they are more practically oriented. Thus, a blue-print for the business will help establish a successful partnership. Cross-cultural communication gaps and other techniques for managing business needs to be appropriately diagnosed such that adequate strategies can be developed and applied. They do not allow free mixing and take their businesses very seriously. Their high level of dependence on quality reflects their levels of seriousness with which they do business. Hence, adopting to such business etiquettes and mannerism will help conduct business in Japan easily. A business person planning to expand to Japan needs to abide by these cultural parameters as people of Japan has high regards for them. Reference Lists Avolio, B. J. (2007). Promoting more integrative strategies for leadership theory-building. American Psychologist, 25. Du-Babcock, B. (2014). A revisiting of theory, research and teaching. The Routledge handbook of language and professional communication, 68. Egan, M. L. (2008). Combining multicultural management and diversity into one course on cultural competence. Academy of Management Learning Education, 387-393. globeproject.com. (Retrieved on 13th August 2017). GLOBE study Japan. https://globeproject.com/results/countries/JPN?menu=list. House, R. J. (2010). Insights from Project GLOBE: Extending global advertising research through a contemporary framework. International Journal of Advertising, 111-139. House, R. J. (2013). Strategic leadership across cultures: GLOBE study of CEO leadership behavior and effectiveness in 24 countries. . Sage Publications. Javidan, M. . (2009). Managerial implications of the GLOBE project: A study of 62 societies. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 41-58. Naidoo, P. (2011). Intercultural communication: a comparative study of Japanese and South African work practice (Doctoral dissertation). Okoro, E. (2012). Cross-cultural etiquette and communication in global business: Toward a strategic framework for managing corporate expansion. . International journal of business and management, 130. Scagliotti, G. . (2010). Take a bow: culturally preparing expatriates for doing business in Japan. Journal of Comprehensive Research, 71. Shi, X. . (2011). Interpreting hofstede model and globe model: which way to go for cross-cultural research?. . International journal of business and management, 93. Tung, R. L. (2010). Beyond Hofstede and GLOBE: Improving the quality of cross-cultural research.

Poverty and Development into the 21st Century

Example Persuasive Speech Essays - Unidentified Flying Objects

Example Persuasive Speech Essays - Unidentified Flying Objects Example Persuasive Speech Example Persuasive Speech UFOs are real!! Attention Grabber: Regardless of your personal beliefs on the likelihood of extraterrestrial life, UFOs, Unidentified Flying Objects, are just that: unidentified and flying, not necessarily extraterrestrial. In life, the better informed we are about our surroundings, the better our overall decision making process is. Credibility Statement: I have read a number of books on UFOs and have even seen one myself. General Purpose: I am here to help you understand that UFOs are realthere are flying objects that cannot be identified. Preview Statement: First I will give you the ancient accounts of UFOs; secondly, I will explain the most documented UFO sightings, and lastly, I will tell you about the more recent government reports about UFOs. I. Ancient accounts of UFOs A. Christian Bible B. Accounts considered as signs (source: Jacques Vallees Passport to Mangonia) C. Aerial Ships 1. Ezekiels Wheel 2. Unearthly glowing objects in the night sky 1. Almost beheaded priest 1. Naval accountsship Sibernian and ship Vultur Transition: This completes our information on ancient accounts of UFOs; now we can move on to the most documented UFO sightings in the past century. II. Most Documented UFO Sightings in the Past Century A. Military UFO Sightings (source: Robert E. Bartholomew and George S. Howard, UFOs and Alien Contact) 1. World War Iphantom air raids and mysterious aero-planes 2. World War IIFoo fighters B. Citizen UFO Sightings (source: David Michael Jacobs, The UFO Controversy in America) C. Personal UFO Sightings (source: Frank B. Salisbury, The UFO Display) 1. Crop Circles 2. Snow Circles 3. Land Circles 1. Betty and Barney Hill 2. French Doctor Transition: This concludes the information of UFO sightings in the past century; lets move on to the most recent government reports about UFOs III. Resent Government Reports A. UFO Report Similarities (source: Frank Edwards, Flying Saucers, Serious Business) 1. Shapesaucer 2. Behaviorhovering 3. Colorreduce in brightness as reduce in speed B. Governments position on explaining UFOs (source: Frank B. Salisbury, The UFO Display) 1. Only by the Air Force 2. Always as conventional objects and conditions C. Government Releases about UFOs (source: David Michael Jacobs, The UFO Controversy in America) 1. UFOs are a threat to national security 2. What Air Force Academy Cadets are taught Statement of three main points: Now you know about the ancient accounts of UFOs, the most documented UFO sightings in the past century, and the most recent Government reports about UFOs. Conclusion: The next time you are driving along and see something thats not quite a plane, and not quite a star, take a second look; it might be a weather balloon.

Using Mental Force of The Employees Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Using Mental Force of The Employees - Thesis Example People pursue good health and will do anything new that will help them to live a better life. Corporates too do the same by pursuing strategies of improvements and breakthroughs that create new products and new markets. This is a continuous exercise and any let up, in health or corporate endeavours will invite a decline. Innovations are the engine that persuaded the corporates to innovate. The source of innovation is usually the entrepreneur. These are individuals that come up with new ideas of what the market is likely to want or desire. These people have usually gathered this knowledge through interaction with consumers. Sometimes it is the imaginative impulsive desire on their part to offer something new or different, at other times it is an improvement on previous knowledge. However in a corporate or large organisation environment it is often the employees who come up with innovative ideas because of their close contacts with consumers of the product or service of the company. They are very close to the ground realities and can be a great source of finding out the consumer desires or preferences. Although they are employees, they have the entrepreneurial spirit to meet the expectations. This gives them the same satisfaction an entrepreneur would feel on the success and acceptance of his innovative idea. Despite the fact that the urge to innovate exists equally in the entrepreneur and an employee, the larger companies usually ignore the employee contribution. There are not many companies that rely on their employees to contribute towards innovations. Some companies are seen to make a half hearted effort by offering reward for new or innovative ideas to their employees but there is no regulated or organised effort in this direction. There can be some results through rewards but these are few and far in between and just an improvement of the existing product or service and do not fall into the class of an innovation. It has been understood for very

Justice in Greek Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Justice in Greek Philosophy - Essay Example Plato, one of the Greek's ancient philosophers, ideally believed that sense-gained knowledge remains impure and confused, and that only the soul that contemplates and turns away from thinking carnally can receive true knowledge. He also believed that only the soul can know real essences of things, acquire knowledge of forms since the world as seen by the eye is nothing short of an imperfect copy (Bakalis, 2005). The immense dialogue in the Republic is opened by questioning the nature of justice. Several definitions of justice are proposed which are found to be inadequate except that at least more emphasis is put on Sophist, Thrasymachus' definition. According to this young man, justice is anything the strongest man decides that it is. Further, he states that whatever is in the strong man's interest is just. This argument is dismissed by Socrates after proving that strong personalities rarely get to know whatever is in their best interest; this cannot be just since justice in itself is a virtuous (Griffin, Boardman & Murray, 2001). Plato had quite a different view of justice; he believed that an answer exists that derives basically from reality's nature. In his republic, justice is defined as wisdom, courage and self-control; something close to righteousness and morality. In Greek, the Republic refers to the character or order of a political society; its regime type or constitution. The republic also refers to the city-state governance in a Socratic dialogue written in 380 BC by Plato. The republic is a most influential work of political theory and philosophy, and is Plato's best work. In fictional dialogues with foreigners, Athenians and Socrates, Plato discusses the meaning of true justice (Griffin et al., 2001). He seeks to establish whether man is happier when just or unjust by imagining a society that is governed by the guardians and philosopher-kings. The dialogue also goes further to discuss the role of philosophers, the place of poetry, the Theory of Forms and the soul's immortality. Plato's Republic is to-date considered in respect of western philosophy to be one of the most influential works. The Republic essentially deals with the subject of how one can live well. This inquiry into how one can live a good life was shaped into two parallel questions: (1) what does an ideal state look like, or what is state justice (2) What makes a just person These questions naturally encompass others such as: how should the state citizen be educated, what arts need to be encouraged, what kind of government should state adopt, who should govern and what rewards should the governor receive, what is the soul's nature and what afterlife and divine sanctions exist (Griffin et al., 2001). The dialogue proceeds to cover almost all aspects of Plato's thought. Platonic thought as described by several central aspects that exist in the dialogue can be summed up into three main points; the nature of justice, the ideal republic and the allegory of the divided line and the cave (which attempt to explain the theory of forms as perceived by Plato). THE IDEAL REPUBLIC According to Socrates, if a person can define what a just state looks like then the person can apply that analogously to the just man. Plato on his part exposes in detail how a state can have wisdom, courage, justice and temperament - four great virtues. In his utopia, Plato divides men

Training & Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Training & Development - Essay Example Consequently, there is a need to ensure that the company remains ahead of the competition. Management realised that there is no better way to achieve this rather than through the use of training and development. (Paisley, 1999) Policies at M&S will be measured against the backdrop of ‘best practise’ models. The model is based upon the belief that when organisations adopt certain human resource strategies, they are able to make their employees highly motivated. As a result, those employees will become more efficient and they will help in the realisation of competitive advantage within the organisation. Best practice applies to various sectors that include retention of employees, performance improvement, enhancing and promoting training and development, enhancing corporate culture, enforcing organisational structure and also in the determination of pay costs. However, for purposes of this report, we shall mainly focus on training and development. The Research primarily focuses on the use of secondary sources of data. This is because secondary data gives an overall picture of the situation at Marks and Spencer. It allows one to obtain all the relevant information to the research question and compile them to come up with new answers. If primary sources like interviews had been used, it would have been difficult to see the overall picture as results are mostly person centred. (Schutt, 2006) Secondary data allows comparisons between different elements of the research that would otherwise have been too complex to collect using primary sources. Consequently, there are very accurate results that come out of the usage of such a source of data. (Banta, 2007) However, one must not under look the disadvantages of this method of data collection. First of all, it does not allow the progression from developing a research question, collecting data and formulating a hypothesis

Women of dystopias

Women of dystopias Women of dystopias prevailing female stereotypes in Huxleys and Orwells fiction Dystopias as a genre present an interesting aesthetic and psychological challenge. Their view of the future is fixed in the past or the present, and as such, are in danger of not transcending the limitations of their own cultural and sociological context. A certain aspect of dystopias is the ever-present human trait of wishing to â€Å"solve problems†. By projecting the issues of the present into the future, by removing the specific factors surrounding ones quandary, one wishes to see a clearer image, to achieve some sort of enlightenment. Dystopias are the perfect genre for that other common human trait (connected to the aforementioned penchant for problem-solving) of presenting the worst that may come to pass (sometimes metaphorically pointing a finger and yelling â€Å"I told you so!†). Yet in such exercises of the mind, the subject of authorial objectivity inevitably arises when writing a dystopia, how far removed should the subject matter be from ones perceived r eality? Since a dystopia is to significant degree a heavily satirized transmogrification of ones â€Å"real world†, this seems a contradiction in terms. Yet in not being sufficiently willing or able to remove oneself from the conventionally perceived notions and ideals of ones society, one runs the risk (as the author of a dystopia) of compromising the authenticity of ones fictional universe. An argument could be made that this is the case with George Orwells 1984 and Aldous Huxleys Brave New World; the fashion in which female characters are portrayed in both novels conjures up a sense of the misogyny of the authors, rather than a truly dystopian perception of women. The post-war (WWI in the case of Huxley, WWII in the case of Orwell) mentality and internalized misogyny of both Huxleys and Orwells time is palpably present in the characters of Linda and Lenina, respectively Winstons mother and Julia. By examining these crucial mother and lover characters in their most signific ant scenes, several interesting parallels can be drawn between the authors treatment of their female characters. The fact that both Huxley and Orwell focus primarily on the female archetypes of lover and mother is in itself quite revealing. The use of these archetypes is not limited to the figures of Linda, Lenina or Winstons mother and Julia; in Brave New World, every woman falls into either category. All women of the â€Å"modern world† are potential lovers their â€Å"pneumatic† bodies (an adjective interestingly enough only used in conjunction with womens bodies and furniture[1]) free for the taking (and freely offered up, at that). â€Å"Mother† as a term is used to describe everything that is the opposite of a carefree, lustful existence aging, sagging, embarrassment and taboo. No corresponding term exists to embarrass men as Huxley puts it, the term â€Å"father† is a â€Å"scatological rather than a pornographic impropriety†[2]. This hierarchy of shame resurfaces during Bernard and Leninas visit to Malpais the old man (the first old person whom Le nina sees) is described in three lines, whilst Linda, the Savages mother, is described in a lengthy paragraph, containing visual, olfactory and tactile references. This â€Å"grotesque† mother-figure is apparent in 1984 as well, although described in a rather more oblique fashion. The reference to â€Å"monstrous women with brick-red forearms†[3] (p.86), and the nomer â€Å"Mrs.† which â€Å"with some women one used () instinctively†[4] (p.22), all point to an internalized image of â€Å"motherhood† which Orwell uses to juxtapose with the virginal (and insipid) Katherine, and the lustful (and cunning) Julia. Motherhood, or rather the absence of any true motherhood (in the sense of being allowed to openly care for, and show affection for ones children) are central themes in 1984, thus one understands the need to extrapolate on the concept yet the occasionally dropped adjective, such as the aforementioned â€Å"monstrous† and the categorizati on of women into â€Å"Mrs.† and â€Å"non-Mrs.† types points to an external, rather than any internal set of values that could exist in the universe of 1984. The characters described in the novel have all grown up in â€Å"the system† (perhaps with Winston having a slight remembrance of life before Big Brother), thus it seems odd that for example Julia should use terms like â€Å"a real womans frock†[5] (p.149) accepting that these items (frocks and high-heels instead of the overalls and practical shoes of the Party) could be found amongst the proles, one is tempted to ask why Julia would refer to them as â€Å"real†. The term â€Å"real woman† is incredibly relative, and has through time come to refer to everything from Rubenesque figures and unpainted faces to willowy, dramatically made-up women. In this context, â€Å"real woman† could by default only refer to the overall and flat-shoe wearing, chaste women of the Party. This cognitive dissonance becomes an issue in Brave New World as well the Savages view of women is problematic at best. Having grown up amongst the people of Malpais, it is strange that he should become so completely enamoured with Lenina, to the point of regarding her beauty as not only exquisite, but normative. His world-view is explained through him having come into contact with Shakespeares works at an early age, yet this does not explain the curious exclusion in his consciousness of anything lustful, ribald or â€Å"risquà ©Ã¢â‚¬  in the very plays that he idolizes. His mother-complex is more explicable (at least in a psychological sense), yet becomes rather distracting in its one-sidedness. John is a protector-figure, a budding knight in white armour who unsuccessfully tries to rescue his mother from her self-initiated sexual behaviour. His attempted murder of Popà © is symbolical of a masculinity which is again a projection of an external masculinity onto that of the wor ld of Brave New World. â€Å"Mother, monogamy, romance ()†, the mantra that the â€Å"brave new world† has rejected is the one that he metaphorically repeats again and again to himself. Thus, the true conflict arises between him, and Mustafa Mond, arbiters of these two masculinities rendering the women secondary characters, objects of either feelings of lust, or protectiveness. As Goldstein rightly points out by quoting Easthope, this is present in 1984 as well, in the dynamics of Winston and OBriens relationship: â€Å"Winston, who frequently shows misogynist feelings, disavows Julia and heterosexual desire, accepts his unconscious homosexuality, and loves OBrien and Big Brother† (p.52).[6] In fact, in the light of this statement, what becomes increasingly obvious is the complete lack of intellectual women in either Brave New World or 1984. Women are incapable of introspection in either novel Julia is described as cunning and shrewd, but also as having a shor t attention span, and no real powers of analysis. Schweickart rightfully states that â€Å"Smiths question: â€Å"Julia, are you awake?† could very well be the title of a feminist retelling of 1984.†[7] (p.4), seeing as how Julia sleeps through Winstons perusal of Goldsteins book, and in general shows no interest in notions not concerning her sexuality. â€Å"Othering† women thus becomes a subconscious but constant theme in both Brave New World and 1984. What is not explained in BNW for example is why lust is exclusively sought by male bodies in female bodies homosexuality is mentioned once in the novel, in the past tense, by Mustafa Mond, referred to as the result of a monogamous, obsessive and repressed lifestyle. Yet surely, in a society where cumulative lust is valued beyond all, the gender-binary and heteronormative system of values described by Huxley would make no sense. This again points to a transposed, external set of values, which reference Huxleys world view, rather than anything objectively dystopian. The aforementioned comment of Julias (â€Å"real woman†) poses a similar dilemma rather than referencing the instances of illicit behaviour committed by Julia, it seems to reference Orwells concept of real womanhood. As Patai points out, Orwells oeuvre contains â€Å"a tension between his occasional appre ciation of women and his dislike of them, especially the abstraction that is usually referred to as the â€Å"feminine†[8](p.867). She extrapolates, saying that â€Å"although men [in the world of 1984] fear women because they may be spies, in general the assumptions of male centrality and female â€Å"otherness† have survived intact. Julias love for Winston makes him healthier, whereas OBriens attentions destroy him physically; but Winstons true alliance, as we have seen, is with OBrien, who engages him as a worthy opponent a recognition that means more to Winston than Julias love.† [9](p.867). This covert dismissal of his and Julias love is apparent in the terms that Winstonchooses to describe it with; it is a â€Å"hopeless fancy†, â€Å"yet he also dismisses the washerwomans song about such a hopeless fancy because he considers the song and the woman mindless and mechanical†[10] (p.46). The Savage is equally fanciful in his relationship with L enina he constructs an ideal to which she unsurprisingly fails to live up to, and goes from considering his hand unworthy to touch her to quoting Othello at her, and getting physically violent. Yet his disappointment is in her moral nature in her refusal to be passive, and to be worshipped by him. True kinship is masculine, in both 1984 and Brave New World. There seems to be a rather disturbing notion in connection with this male kinship; it is somehow connected to absent mothers, or rather mothers who could never truly live up to the ideal of motherhood (both a physical, and spiritual ideal, as we shall see). Winston keeps connecting his mother (who was first described as a statuesque, brave woman) to various â€Å"grotesque† (term as used by Orwell) figures of womanhood, most notably the woman who vomits copiously next to him in the preliminary detainment cell (â€Å"She might, thought Winston, be his mother.† (p.240)). The Savages mother, Linda, is also presented as the most grotesque female figure in the narrative of Brave New World (â€Å"grotesque† both as defined by the internal system of values of the novel, and the external ones of the author and readership). These absurd instances contain something of the freak-show within them a voyeuristic, almost fetishistic obsession with the female form, and within that category, the most â€Å"sacred† one, that of the mother. Within the context of the archetype, it is understood that â€Å"mothers† are not sexual beings thus the reference to the prostitute that Winston visits as being his mothers age, or to Linda sleeping with Popà © are playing with taboo, trying to titillate the readers sense of the inappropriate through reference to the heteronormative sense of order. Overall, one experiences a striving on the part of both authors to order women into easily identifiable categories (mothers and (m)others), thus not really challenging or redefining their own societies respective views on women. Thus, regardless of the fact that both Huxley and Orwell manage to create complex fictional universes (arguably Orwells being more sophisticated than Huxleys), their views on women are seemingly transposed in their entirety without conscious criticism or willingness to challenge the reader. Works consulted * Goldstein, Philip, Orwell as a (Neo)conservative: The Reception of 1984, The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Winter, 2000), pp. 44-57 Published by: Midwest Modern Language Association, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1315117 * Patai, Daphne, Gamesmanship and Androcentrism in Orwells 1984. PMLA, Vol. 97, No. 5 (Oct., 1982), pp. 856-870, retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/462176 * Schweickart, Patsy, Orwell Revisited, The Womens Review of Books, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Nov., 1984), pp. 3-4,Published by: Old City Publishing, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4019466 * Orwell, George, 1984, London, Penguin Books (1989) * Huxley, Aldous, Brave New World, http://www.hedweb.com/huxley/bnw [1] Huxley, Aldous, Brave New World, (http://www.hedweb.com/huxley/bnw/four.html â€Å"the pneumatic sofas† [2] Ibid, http://www.hedweb.com/huxley/bnw/ten.html [3] Orwell, George, 1984, London, Penguin Books (1989) [4] Ibid [5] Ibid [6] Goldstein, Philip, Orwell as a (Neo)conservative: The Reception of 1984, The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Winter, 2000), pp. 44-57 Published by: Midwest Modern Language Association, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1315117 [7] Schweickart, Patsy, Orwell Revisited, The Womens Review of Books, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Nov., 1984), pp. 3-4,Published by: Old City Publishing, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4019466 [8] Patai, Daphne, Gamesmanship and Androcentrism in Orwells 1984. PMLA, Vol. 97, No. 5 (Oct., 1982), pp. 856-870, retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/462176 [9] Ibid [10] Goldstein, Philip, Orwell as a (Neo)conservative: The Reception of 1984, The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Winter, 2000), pp. 44-57 Published by: Midwest Modern Language Association, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1315117

The Basis of Medical Practice Essay -- Health, The Birthmark, Hawthorn

Overall, medical practice is performed when physicians identify health concerns, including diseases, mental disorders, and physical injuries, and provide a treatment for their patients in order to properly cure them of their maladies. The appropriate basis for medical practice is a combination of physicians’ knowledge acquired from scientific research and education, and ethical considerations regarding the wellbeing of patients. Additionally, if no scientific support is available, patients must rely on intuition and experience in order to make a proper diagnosis. On the whole, science plays a major role in the realm of medicine, as it is the foundation for the creation of new treatments and education. Science is defined as â€Å"†¦research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice† (Kuhn 70). The aspect of scientific research is important because as more diseases and medical conditions become recognized, scientists need to discover possible cures and develop medicine in order for physicians to treat their patients. For example, in A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness, neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran recounts how patients with â€Å"reflex sympathetic dystrophy†, also known as RSD, were research subjects in a scientific experiment to discover if there was a way to cure their unremitting pain (17). As a result of this experiment, a new and effective treatment for those in chroni c pain was determined once it was discovered that the patients’ pain went away completely and mobility returned to limbs when mirrors were utilized (18). Through science, the answer to how physicians may prescribe a trea... ...per medical treatment. V.S. Ramachandran states that â€Å"randomized, controlled trial research do not make clinical decisions for physicians; rather, they must be applied to individual patients and clinical situations based on value judgments, both by physicians and patients. Clinical decision-making must entail value judgments about the costs and benefits of available treatments† (91). A patient can practice medicine by deciding whether a certain treatment option is right for him or her. For example, an individual might choose to take medication instead of having surgery because of monetary costs, or decide which prescription drug to take based on the potential side effects. Overall, though a physician may advise an individual on a certain treatment to cure him or her of a medical concern, it is ultimately the patients’ decision on whether or not to carry it out. â€Æ'